THE PLACE OF NATURAL LAW IN KENYAS JURISPRUDENCE

The place of natural law in Kenya’s Jurisprudence Natural law propounds that true law is right reason in agreement with nature. It denies that the conditions of legal validity of laws are purely a matter of social fact. Natural law is based on the principle that although man exists in nature, he has his own nature. The nature of man is to procreate, protect his family and preserve his life. Natural law is the law which helps man to achieve these objectives. In general, the natural law theory seeks universality and commonality in human laws, institutions and values. The major proponents are Cicero, St. Thomas Aquinas, Lon Fuller, Immanuel Kant, John Finnis, David Hume and Edmund Burke. In Kenya, the natural law theory is anchored in the†¦show more content†¦It states that the purpose of recognizing and protecting human rights and fundamental freedoms is to preserve the dignity of individuals and communities and to promote social justice and the realization of the potential of all human beings. Article 20 on the application of chapter 4 states that it shall apply to all law and binds all state organs and all persons. The constitution also states that in applying a provision of the Bill of Rights, a court shall adopt the interpretation that most favors the enforcement of a right or fundamental freedom. The court shall also promote the values that underlie an open and democratic society based on human dignity, equality, equity and freedom. The Bill of rights is such a fundamental aspect of Kenya’s jurisprudence . HLA Hart sees the purpose of the law as being one of preventing society from being a suicide club. This can only arise when rights have been given to people. Property rights flow from natural rights. The constitution of Kenya guarantees the right to own property. It states that every person has the right, either individually or in association with others , to acquire and own property. This, however is subject to the power of the state to compulsorily acquire property. Besides the provision on the right to own property, trespass is an offence under Kenyan laws. It is a civil wrong. Land, which is the centerpiece of our development and our main factor of production has been a contentious issue sinceShow MoreRelatedQuestions On The Rights Law Essay6983 Words   |  28 PagesSCHOOL OF LAW LLM 2014/2015 ACADEMIC YEAR GPR 605: HUMAN RIGHTS LAW ASSIGNMENT 4: THE RIGHT TO ADEQUATE HOUSING COURSE CO-ORDINATOR: DR. NICHOLAS ORAGO SUBMITED BY: GROUP TWO SUBMISSION DATE: 7TH AUGUST 2015 DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY FORM This form must be completed and signed for all works submitted to the University for examination. Name of Student: GROUP TWO Registration Number: N/A College: HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES School: LAW Department: COMMERCIAL LAW Course

The Rape Shield Laws Truly Offer The Protection Of A Fair...

Rule 412 which is the state of Tennessee’s version of the rape shield law, is designed to protect the victims of rapes and sexual assaults. The protection offered by laws of this nature was to prevent the victims of these heinous assaults from being re-traumatized on the witness stand during cross examination from the alleged perpetrators (Brody Acker, 2010). Although I am an avid supporter of the right to a fair trial, I feel compelled to be the voice for those who are often subjected to constant criticism from fellow peers, courts, news and now social media. Rule 412, although sound in premise behind its development, lacks concession with the changing times. There are far too many loopholes in our own rape shield law which begs the question if other state’s rape shield laws truly offer the protection that they were designed to employ. Capers (2013, p. 827) reports that the ongoing issue with rape victims today is the fear of having their past history put on trial and not the event that took place. It was because of this, that many rapes go unreported. In the early 70’s, legislatures and courts began to rethink allowing an alleged victim’s past sexual history admissible in court. This prompted questions as to whether that prior information was actually useful in a current case. The second question that arose was to whether the courts were actually trying the victim during the trial rather than the alleged perpetrator. This is how rape shield laws came about. Then,Show MoreRelatedMarriage and Cohabitation13809 Words   |  56 Pagesis attracting new and general attention. This movement is in accordance with the universal laws of human progress. We are impelled by the evils we suffer, and allured by the hope of gaining more light and attaining greater happiness, to seek for new truth and devise new methods for a better organization of society. This process must go on until we find the ground of all human relations in the immutab le laws of the Divine order. There is no other way of settling any question of human life and destinyRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesFlorence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform Michael Adas, ed., Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History Jack Metzgar, Striking Steel: Solidarity Remembered Janis Appier, Policing Women: The Sexual Politics of Law Enforcement and the LAPD Allen Hunter, ed., Rethinking the Cold War Eric Foner, ed., The New American History. Revised and Expanded Edition E SSAYS ON _ T WENTIETH- C ENTURY H ISTORY Edited by Michael Adas for the AmericanRead MoreHsm 542 Week 12 Discussion Essay45410 Words   |  182 Pageswith working lunch. The working lunch would cut back on staff member not able because of child care or schooling. The working lunch would all me as the owner to bring in outside presentors to give informative data and the lastes technology or ethic laws to help the staff and protect the patient for the best health care at my local for success. The working lunch for workshops or training will be schedule  monthly and suggestion of what food choice will be left up to the staff memebers.    | | Read MoreOcd - Symptoms, Causes, Treatment131367 Words   |  526 Pagesappraisals of mental control, as well as the erroneous primary appraisals of the obsession itself. Chapters 8 through 13 provide step-by-step, detailed descriptions of cognitive and behavioral strategies for the assessment and treatment of OCD. Chapter 8 offers an evaluation of various assessment instruments for OCD and provides individualized self-monitoring forms and rating Preface ix scales for an idiographic assessment of obsessions and compulsions. Chapter 9 presents the underlying assumptionsRead MoreEssay on Fall of Asclepius95354 Words   |  382 Pagesoblivion, because we were under attack by creatures that was so beyond our understanding! Geez, there were many names given to these undead. Some called them demons, others called them lost souls. With all these names, I found only one that was truly worthy; Zombies. It was a simple word. At the same time it was the most complicated word to enter any human language. I mean just think about it... You say that word to anyone before the outbreak and what would they think of? They would, think of thoseRead MoreAccounting Information System Chapter 1137115 Words   |  549 Pagespayments at regular intervals, based on the percentage of work completed. Thus, their revenue cycles must be designed to track carefully all work performed and the amount of work remaining to be done. Service companies (e.g., public accounting and law firms) do not sell physical goods and, therefore, do not need inventory control systems. They must develop and maintain detailed records of the work performed for each customer to provide backup for the amounts billed. Tracking individual employeeRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management View.Pdf Uploaded Successfully133347 Words   |  534 Pagessuch as by reading technical manuals, or by learning new software through self-instruction. Employers may also absorb the costs of lower productivity while workers lacking relevant skills learn through interaction with skilled employees or through trial-and-error processes. Gary Becker has noted that on-the-job training’s impact on workers’ productivity levels is frequently underrated.30 Likewise, economist Lester Thurow argues that on-the-job training provides the bulk of skills used on the job

Human Rights Violation in Apple for UNGPs- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theHuman Rights Violation in Apple for UNGP. Answer: Introduction The human rights are the fundamental rights of an individual as per which each person is worthy of respect and should be treated with dignity. There exists a major relationship between business and human rights as they prove to be a major instrument for promotion and realization of human rights. The United Nations Human Rights Council has developed a framework for determining the relationship between business and human rights. The workforce diversity have the right to speak, right to debate, right to receive remuneration for the work done by them as per the guiding principles on business and human rights (UNGPs) (Turmen, 2012). In this context, the present report aims to analyze the Human Rights issues of Apple Inc. Human Rights Violation in Apple Apple Inc., a world-famous American multinational technology company, involved in designing and development of electronics and software products, has admitted of facing issues related with human rights (Annual Report, 2016). The company has faced criticism due to labor issues within the workplace related to working hours, remuneration and compensation of its employees. The major issue associated with Human Rights has occurred in its China-based manufacturing unit involved in designing and development of iPads and iPhones. The Pegatron and Foxconn recognized as major suppliers of Apple faces allegations regarding the labor conditions within their workplace. The main allegations include forced overtime hours, low wages and no provisions regarding the payment for extra time worked by the employees. The poor labor conditions at the premises of major suppliers of Apples are regarded to be against the Chinese laws developed for protection of human rights (Kahn, 2016). Also, the employees of the company have also claimed mental health issues due to the excessive work and unsatisfactory remuneration policy (Apple Supplier Code of Conduct, 2017). The company was largely criticized by the campaigners of human rights for ethical violations of its Chinese factories and also not responding properly to any complaints raised by the worker for compensation and excessive work in its Chinese units. The campaigners impose several allegations on the company including excessive long hours, improper safety conditions and fatal accidents that occurred in its number of business units in China (Turmen, 2012). The Fair Labor Association had investigated the workplace environment of its Chinese units and inferred that the company need to employ more staff and implement proper safety ensures for overcoming the poor labor conditions in its Chinese units. The company had also admitted the violation of human right law in its Chinese units after the investigation of Fair Labor Association. Also, the report from China Labor Watch (CLW) had claimed that the workers do not have proper training on handling hazardous substances in its Pegatron supplier division. The workers as such were exposed to many toxic chemicals including arsenic, mercury and chromium on a regular basis (World Report, 2012). Also, it was highlighted during auditing of the company supply chain that safety exits within its factory premises are blocked. Thus, the investigation by China Labor Watch (CLW) has imposed an allegation of 23 categories of legal and ethical labor rights at its Pegatron supplier unit in China (Foley, 2012). The following violation was put against the company from the China Labor Watch report: The compensation of workers in the year 2016 was raised to $2.00 USD but the amount after deduction remained to only $1.60 USD, which is very low in comparison to $1.85 USD in the year 2015 (Ethical Consumer, 2017). The Chinese Human Rights Law restricts businesses for asking overtime work from the inetrens. However, the interns at the business units of Apple in China were attributed to work overtime at 80 hours per month on an average basis. This overtime work was approximately around full time work employment. The wage rate per hour was very low and the workers receive very low amount as remuneration about $213 USD after reduction of all the expenses. The workers of the production line were also forced to arrive 10 minutes before the scheduled time but they did not receive compensation for the extra time. The factory workers were forced to do overtime and also were not granted any leave during the peak season (Kahn, 2016). The company in its annual report had claimed to implement all the proper policies and procedures for promoting employee welfare and safety (Annual Report, 2016). However, after analysis of the report of CLW it can be stated that the company had not taken proper measures for improving the labor conditions within its workplace (Cuthbertson, 2017). There is increased need of placing focus on providing a better workplace environment to the labor on the part of management by the company. The campaigners, in this context, have emphasized on the need of global corporations to identify and execute their responsibilities towards proving a safe workplace environment to the labor. However, there are still evident issues related to human rights violations in the multinational corporations as seen in the case of Apple (Toor, 2014). The human rights issue occurred in the Apple are due to lack of collective bargaining rights of labor and non-adoption of adequate international employment framework p rinciples (Apple Supplier Responsibility, 2012). Conclusion Thus, it can be said from the overall discussion that multinational corporations need to place important measures for ensuring employee welfare as per the Human Rights Law. The occurrence of human rights issues in Apple has demonstrated the need of implementing proper policies and procedures within the workplace for employee safety and welfare. This is important as per the UNGPs, businesses holds a prominent role in advancing human rights within their workplace for promoting the welfare of the society as a whole. References Annual Report 2016. Apple Inc. [Online]. Available at: https://files.shareholder.com/downloads/AAPL/5113970642x0x913905/66363059-7FB6-4710-B4A5-7ABFA14CF5E6/10-K_2016_9.24.2016_-_as_filed.pdf [Accessed on: 3 September, 2017]. Apple Supplier Code of Conduct. 2017. [Online]. Available at: https://images.apple.com/supplier-responsibility/pdf/Apple-Supplier-Code-of-Conduct-January.pdf [Accessed on: 3 September, 2017]. Apple Supplier Responsibility. 2012. [Online]. Available at: https://images.apple.com/supplier-responsibility/pdf/Apple_SR_2012_Progress_Report.pdf [Accessed on: 3 September, 2017]. Cuthbertson, A. 2017. I-Phone 6s factory investigation reveals Apple still violates human rights of workers. [Online]. Available at: https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/iphone-6s-factory-investigation-reveals-apple-still-violates-human-rights-workers-1525151 [Accessed on: 3 September, 2017]. Ethical Consumer. 2017. [Online]. Available at: https://www.ethicalconsumer.org/companystories.aspx?CompanyId=12944CategoryId=421 [Accessed on: 3 September, 2017]. Foley, S. 2012. Apple admits it has a human rights problem. [Online]. Available at: https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/apple-admits-it-has-a-human-rights-problem-6898617.html [Accessed on: 3 September, 2017]. Kahn, J. 2016. Report details workers rights violations at Apples iPhone 7 supplier Pegatron. [Online]. Available at:https://9to5mac.com/2016/08/25/apple-china-labor-watch-pegatron-iphone-7-workers-rights/ [Accessed on: 3 September, 2017]. Toor, A. 2014. Apple is 'deeply offended' by BBC's labor abuse allegations. [Online]. Available at: https://www.theverge.com/2014/12/19/7420603/apple-tim-cook-offended-allegations-labor-abuse-supplier-china [Accessed on: 3 September, 2017]. Turmen, R. 2012. Contemporary Issues in Human Rights. [Online]. Available at: https://sam.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/RizaTurmen1.pdf [Accessed on: 3 September, 2017]. World Report. 2012. [Online]. Available at: https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/wr2013_web.pdf [Accessed on: 3 September, 2017].

Online Marketing Strategy Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Online Marketing Strategy. Answer: Introduction With increase number of Internet users in the current age the online form of marketing has become one of the most popular modes of promoting campaign. With the help of this form of marketing it is possible for any company to reach out and communicate with large number of target customers. The current study focuses on few of the elements related to online marketing that will help to promote the business of Hobbiton. The impact of social media on the tourism business is also discussed. Online marketing strategy for Hobbiton The Hobbiton tour is one of the most popular places of tourist attraction in New Zealand. The tourism company has used online marketing tool has one of the vital element of increasing the popularity of the place among the tourists. One of the most popular forms of online Internet marketing is the mode of search engine marketing that is a process of promoting the website of an organization by increasing their presence in all the popular search engine results (Wang et al., 2015). It is generally with the use of form of advertisements that the visibility within the search engine result pages can be increased. The pay per click model of advertising can be used in search engine marketing in order to attract all potential customers. The management of Hobbiton needs to create a well designed user friendly which will help all the target customers to get proper information about the tourism site. There is also an ethical issue with search engine marketing as many companies spread false information within their website. Hence, it is important for all companies to ensure that they provide proper and accurate information to all the customers, who will help to raise their popularity and brand awareness. The online booking marketing strategy is one of the most popular forms that are used by most of the companies to increase the sale and also provide valuable assistance to the customers (Bilgihan Bujisic, 2015). With the help of online booking system all the interested tourist can book the time of their visit in advance which will ensure that they are able to enjoy the place. With the help of online booking the customers can also get information about the rates and discounts that are being offered throughout the year. It is also possible for the tourist to choose their own style of Living during the visit. For example with the help of online booking of Hotel through websites the customers can check the pictures and the condition of the room that they are choosing. Impact of social media on tourism The social media is one of the widely used platforms in online marketing department. As more number of people are using social media platform like Face book and MySpace; it is easily possible for any company to use this platform in order to communicate and reach out to target customers (Howison et al., 2015). As the competition within the tourism industry has increased it is possible with the help of social media platforms to gain competitive advantage over the rivals. It is also possible for a company to track the marketing plans of rival with the help of social media platform. Another most common advantage of social media in the tourism industry is that it allows the tourism companies to interact with the audience for target customers. It is possible for the tourism company to know the demands and needs of the tourist that can be raised by posting feedbacks in the social media platforms. The manager of the companies can also held live online interactive sessions with the customer groups in order to share valuable thoughts among each other. After visiting a certain tourists location it is possible for the companies to gain valuable feedbacks about the experience that again by the visitors. The social media is also regarded as a platform where, the visitors can provide valuable suggestion s that can help to improve the quality of service (Ivanovi? et al., 2014). One of the major impacts of the online booking of tourism is that it has helped more number of people to visit the popular place of tourist attraction. The popularity of unknown less visited tourist destinations have also increased significantly as people are able to get valuable information with the help of Internet service. Overall, it has helped the tourism industry all over the world to expand and also increase the level of profits. Recommendations It is the duty of the marketing managers of Hobbiton to ensure that they have proper online database access, which will help them to attract the tourists with the help of internet marketing strategies. It is also recommended to offer timely discounts to the online customers, which will encourage the tourists to use the online booking rather than depend on the offline or manual booking service. Conclusion With the introduction of online marketing and online booking system in the tourism Industry all over the world it is possible to increase the popularity of various tourist destinations. The use of social media as a part of online marketing system has also a deep major impact within the overall system. Reference Bilgihan, A., Bujisic, M. (2015). The effect of website features in online relationship marketing: A case of online hotel booking.Electronic Commerce Research and Applications,14(4), 222-232. Howison, S., Finger, G., Hauschka, C. (2015). Insights into the Web presence, online marketing, and the use of social media by tourism operators in Dunedin, New Zealand.Anatolia,26(2), 269-283. Ivanovi?, V., Gai?, M., Ivanov, S., Stojiljkovi?, M. (2014). ONLINE BOOKING SYSTEM AS A WAY TO ACCESS E-TOURISM AND E-COMMERCE IN TOURISM.Management Education/Upravlenie i Obrazovanie,10(2). Wang, L., Law, R., Guillet, B. D., Hung, K., Fong, D. K. C. (2015). Impact of hotel website quality on online booking intentions: eTrust as a mediator.International Journal of Hospitality Management,47, 108-115.

Why Do Today What Can Be Put Off Until Tomorrow Essay Example

Why Do Today What Can Be Put Off Until Tomorrow Essay There are countless ways a student can avoid success in life, but one of the main behaviors which can cause an individual to fail is procrastination. When students have to complete a task or a big project many of them confuse their priorities, and find themselves waiting until the last minute to finish the task at hand. Another cause for procrastination could be the lack of initiative the student might have in completing an assignment. Or simply some students may fear failure, and may not have full confidence in themselves in order to do the assignment. Procrastination may seem like an easy way out in beginning, but if it’s not address it turns into a huge obstacle of unnecessary stress at the end. The inability for a student to prioritize what is important and what is not, is one of the most common reasons why a student chooses to put off their work. When an assignment seems difficult a student may begin to start thinking of different ways to avoid the work altogether. They may also begin to work on an assignment and feel as if they worked too hard and decide to take a break, forgetting about the work altogether. Consequently they become accustomed to the instant satisfaction of taking a break that it becomes another motive for putting off the work. As the student realizes that the due date draws near a sense of panic overcomes them, which temps them into giving up completely. Another reason why a student may choose to procrastinate may be the lack of initiative to complete the task presented to them. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Do Today What Can Be Put Off Until Tomorrow specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Why Do Today What Can Be Put Off Until Tomorrow specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Why Do Today What Can Be Put Off Until Tomorrow specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The student may go over the task and find it boring or not challenging enough to hold their interest. This mentality can hinder the ability for a person to concentrate in their task. Also others may find false security in thinking that they can do the task tomorrow; as a result the person puts off doing the work until the night before the due date. This causes them to work under stress through long hours of the night and as a result they turn in an assignment which is poorly completed. Fear is a very strong emotion, and many students face it when having to do an assignment. They may avoid the assignment all together because they feel like they don’t have the adequate knowledge or skill in order to do the work correctly. Procrastination also feeds on making the individual feel like they are not good enough and falsely gives the individual the idea that it’s ok not to the work. Some people may also fear the professor’s criticism that accompanies their work whether it is constructive or not. Fear can blindly make an individual accept the false idea that they have to be procrastinators and be complaisant with this behavior. Procrastination may give a feeling of instant satisfaction but in the long run it does affect the efficiency of a student. It does not matter how easy or complex an assignment may seem, the bottom line is that it will have to be completed sooner or later. Don’t fall back on the though â€Å"I’ll have more time tomorrow† because you may be busier tomorrow than today. Why Do Today What Can Be Put Off Until Tomorrow Essay Example Why Do Today What Can Be Put Off Until Tomorrow Essay There are countless ways a student can avoid success in life, but one of the main behaviors which can cause an individual to fail is procrastination. When students have to complete a task or a big project many of them confuse their priorities, and find themselves waiting until the last minute to finish the task at hand. Another cause for procrastination could be the lack of initiative the student might have in completing an assignment. Or simply some students may fear failure, and may not have full confidence in themselves in order to do the assignment. Procrastination may seem like an easy way out in beginning, but if it’s not address it turns into a huge obstacle of unnecessary stress at the end. The inability for a student to prioritize what is important and what is not, is one of the most common reasons why a student chooses to put off their work. When an assignment seems difficult a student may begin to start thinking of different ways to avoid the work altogether. They may also begin to work on an assignment and feel as if they worked too hard and decide to take a break, forgetting about the work altogether. Consequently they become accustomed to the instant satisfaction of taking a break that it becomes another motive for putting off the work. As the student realizes that the due date draws near a sense of panic overcomes them, which temps them into giving up completely. Another reason why a student may choose to procrastinate may be the lack of initiative to complete the task presented to them. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Do Today What Can Be Put Off Until Tomorrow specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Why Do Today What Can Be Put Off Until Tomorrow specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Why Do Today What Can Be Put Off Until Tomorrow specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The student may go over the task and find it boring or not challenging enough to hold their interest. This mentality can hinder the ability for a person to concentrate in their task. Also others may find false security in thinking that they can do the task tomorrow; as a result the person puts off doing the work until the night before the due date. This causes them to work under stress through long hours of the night and as a result they turn in an assignment which is poorly completed. Fear is a very strong emotion, and many students face it when having to do an assignment. They may avoid the assignment all together because they feel like they don’t have the adequate knowledge or skill in order to do the work correctly. Procrastination also feeds on making the individual feel like they are not good enough and falsely gives the individual the idea that it’s ok not to the work. Some people may also fear the professor’s criticism that accompanies their work whether it is constructive or not. Fear can blindly make an individual accept the false idea that they have to be procrastinators and be complaisant with this behavior. Procrastination may give a feeling of instant satisfaction but in the long run it does affect the efficiency of a student. It does not matter how easy or complex an assignment may seem, the bottom line is that it will have to be completed sooner or later. Don’t fall back on the though â€Å"I’ll have more time tomorrow† because you may be busier tomorrow than today.

stupid people essays

stupid people essays There are far too many idiots reproducing in our society. Stupid people are becoming an epidemic to this world. The act of those people having sex is of no concern or harm to me, but the children that are produced due to this only add to the number in the slack-jawed, drooling populous that is slowly beginning to drain our society. I suggest that the government make an I.Q. test mandatory for couples applying for a marriage license. If the test results are low enough, refuse the licensee until they have both been successfully sterilized. It is a privilege to have children, sometimes, but still not just anyone should be allowed to breed successfully. Yes I realize that not all stupid people that breed are married or keep their babies; therefore, I suggest that babies given up for adoption should be given to people without the ability to have children who are competent parents. Those incompetent parents should not have the chance to regain custody of their children no matter how many classes or how much counseling they These people are growing more numerous as I write this, they will eventually out number their intellectual superiors. Im not saying that all stupid people are a drain on society. Some work and make decent livings, all the time putting money into the economy and paying into social security. The ones I have a problem with are the ones that sit at home living off welfare or disability that isnt rightfully theirs. Those people who are found to be cheating money from the government should be forced into a life of manual labor... hard work. Some may say this is a violation of their first amendment rights. To that I say that rights should be earned, not given. That way people wouldnt take the rights they have in this country for granted. These children bred of stupidity have to go to school. They slow down the c ...

Employment Relationship in Australia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Employment Relationship in Australia - Essay Example In the past existed a tradition of centralized regulations of wage rates and working conditions through the granting of awards and various other agreements by the Australian Industrial Relations Commission was permitted through the industry as well as national level. While somewhere from the last decade there was a drastic reduction in the Commission's influence to placate and arbitrate award matters. And to add to these individual agreements between employers and workers was encouraged at all enterprise level. (Plowman, 361-363) Jargon such has high dedication and participation and high functioning work systems have entered the lingo of employees to denote new approaches and methods to management styles which reiterate the importance of certain work practices like team work, multitasking and high employee association to achieve and maintain high levels of eminence and productivity. But surveys have shown that employees feel strongly that they are not consulted on key an issue which inevitably affects their work. In additions works feel stress level rising as they are being overworked and due to a reduction in job security. Changes and innovations of any kind usually occur by a number of means and various reasons. Some changes are evolutionary and proceed with gradual increment, on the other hand changes made by the synchronization of management, workers, and unions are usually permanent. (Lansbury, n..p) One of the most important and interesting changes in the last few decades regarding work reforms has been the relationships between the macro and enterprise level. Many workplace issues if not all have important to economic and sociopolitical debate, which both major political parties have claimed superiority. The Labor Party that reigned from 1983 to 1996 strived to achieve change through a formal concurrence. Employees agreed to moderate wage levels to curb inflation with the promise of future economic and social reforms. With strong support from the unions the government also undertook the initiation for workforce market modification, which primarily included decentralization of employment relations. At the dawn of 1990's the Labor Government provided flexibility to non-union agreements at a workplace, although being controversial t revamped thinking and cemented the way for more deep-seated changes during the later half of the 1990's after Labor lost office. On the other hand a m ore hard line policy was pursued by the Liberal-National Party Collation Government after the elections of 1996, on labor market restructuring and relationships with union activities becoming tumultuous. Under the new collation government reforms were bought through a more unilateral recommendations then collaborations with workers and their unions. Sadly the government promoted individual growth and not collective changes for the entire overall workplace. It is therefore essential to consider changes in relations in workplaces at a national level and enterprise level, in Australia worker relationship has been institutionalized for the better part of the twentieth century as unions play an important role id efficiently regulating the labor market. Consistent stability after the Second World War,

The impact of mobile devices on Cyber Security Research Proposal

The impact of mobile devices on Cyber Security - Research Proposal Example The proposed topic has been developed in the context of a research developed in regard to Cyber Security. As an aspect of the IT discipline, Cyber Security is highly analyzed through existing literature. However, the relationship between the Cyber Security and the mobile devices has not been adequately explored. Indeed, the review of relevant literature revealed that not all aspects of Cyber Security have been explored in the context of academic research. In addition, the popularity of mobile devices has been highly increased today, especially due to the radical development of technology on with these mobile devices are based. From this point of view, the proposed topic is considered as quite valuable, offering important information in regard to the relationship between Cyber Security and the mobile devices that have become quite popular. Another aspect of the study’s value is the following one: in the context of the research developed for this study the literature developed i n this field is carefully reviewed; academic studies have been identified and analyzed as of their impact on Cyber Security. This task is quite important due to the uniqueness of the study. Indeed, the review of relevant literature has led to the assumption that there is no study with similar topic, a fact that increases the firm’s value for supporting the academic research in regard to Cyber Security. In addition, the proposed study serves an important need: the need for identifying current material related to Cyber Security.

Story of an Hour Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Story of an Hour - Assignment Example The narrative is just so full of figures of speech, one has to really spend time meditating on the symbolisms to fully understand what the story is all about. Although during the initial reading, the reader could understand the events in the story however, it still requires an in-depth analysis for one to really ‘feel and understand’ the story behind the story. Selina Jamil thinks â€Å"The Story of an Hour† is an expression of emotions which she strongly supports through the symbolisms in the story. For instance, Mrs. Mallard’s heart trouble is perceived as an emotional trouble rather than a physical one (Jamil). While other women might easily be been open to accept their fate as being the housekeepers and even husband and children keepers, it is interesting to note that not all men are created equal and Mrs. Mallard is not the common type who would just be satisfied with her share in life. She was the woman who loved the outdoors and whose dreams are not bound within the four walls of her house rather are far and beyond what her eyes can see as it was then revealed as she was alone in her room thinking about how she would be living after her husband’s burial. Aside from the information directly unveiled in the story, symbolisms help to further picture the desires of the main character. The open window that meets her eyes as she opens her room tells a lot about Mrs. Mallard. The room itself is a picture of her private, unspoken thoughts and desires. Entering it without letting anyone follow her could paint the picture of Louise’s secrets that are not meant to be revealed rather are hers alone. The comfortable, roomy armchair is a representation of the ease she can have with her thoughts and herself in the privacy of her room (Lorcher) and the open window symbolizes the window to herself, her heart. This could be

Past Present And Future Of Mcdonalds Marketing Essay

Past Present And Future Of Mcdonalds Marketing Essay McDonalds is the largest chain of fast food restaurant that specializes in making quality hamburgers worldwide. This fast food chain restaurant has over 62 restaurants worldwide with its presence in over 41 countries. McDonalds is engaged in different initiatives all over the world that define its Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). CSR calls for companies to behave in a responsible manner socially while carrying their mandate to the public. Moreover, CSR also encompasses the companys social behavior while dealing with other companies and business partners who do business with it. McDonalds therefore owes lots of responsibility in its operations socially to the public as well as its strategic business partners. The chain restaurant also runs several franchises which imply that it deals with several strategic business partners. The increase in public awareness has brought CSR into the limelight as companies seek to incorporate this social responsibility it its plans. McDonalds has a number of CSR driven activities and strategies that shall be considered in this paper The aim of this research paper is to consider the past, present as well as the future Corporate Social Responsibility and business ethics that McDonalds has towards the environment. McDonalds has opened many different outlets and franchised several fast food restaurant outlets as well. This therefore implies that it must consider its social responsibility towards the environment as it seeks to expand into the new market. Corporate Social Responsibility often gives the company an edge against its competitors. In conclusion, the paper will consider some of the CSR and business ethic strategies currently employed by McDonalds while conducting its business. McDonalds has also initiated various programs aimed at developing its CSR way beyond the near future. Thus, the company is committed towards delivering its social responsibility to the market and the immediate environs. It is thus recommended that McDonalds should partners with other likeminded fast food restaurants in order to deliver its CSR in the future. McDonalds should also compare its business ethics with those of other companies and ensure that it is in unison with other companys business ethics. This will aid in delivering an effective CSR. Contents Executive Summary 1 Introduction 3 Aim and Purpose 3 Situation Analysis 4 Factors and Discussion 4 Values 4 Sustainable supply chain 5 Nutrition and wellbeing 6 Environmental responsibility 7 Employment experience 8 Community responsibility 9 Conclusion 10 Recommendation 11 Works Cited 12 Introduction This report will aid McDonalds in identifying its core CSR strategies that will propel its business goals into the future. The report also identifies the business ethics that McDonalds has practiced over time and the impact of these business ethics to its strategic partners and customers. This report is thus an indicator of how well McDonalds is delivering its CSR and business ethics. McDonalds being the worlds largest hamburger chain fast food restaurant owes the environment a lot in terms of its Corporate Social Responsibility. The environment in this case implies its customers, business partners as well as the public at large. The firm has played a large role in the past towards conserving the environment. In addition, McDonalds continues to develop a sustainable supply chain for the benefit of its suppliers and distributors thus ensuring that there is continuous flow of business. McDonalds CSR revolves around sustainability. This is because the firm identifies that through sustainability, it will be able to get constant products that it uses to make the hamburgers as well as other fast food products. Sustainability also helps McDonalds in the sense that it will be able to sustain its distribution networks, thus benefiting a whole chain of distributors and suppliers. Aim and Purpose This report on the CSR and business ethics for McDonalds will aid the management and executives in the board of McDonalds to better deliver their CSR to their strategic business partners and the public in general. The report also illuminates areas that perhaps McDonalds should consider incorporating into its CSR plan for the next operating year. This report shall assume certain factors. Firstly, that McDonalds CSR is uniform throughout all the countries that it operates fast food restaurants in. secondly, the report shall also assume that the CSR and business ethics that McDonalds has implemented and will implement have gained general acceptance amongst its business partners, customers and the public in general. The limitations to this study include the fact that some of the CSR strategies that McDonalds has implemented are hard to measure. Most of the business ethics can only be explained but cannot be measured in definite terms. In fact, McDonalds cannot establish the extent of success that it has achieved in the past in regard to the CSR strategies. Situation Analysis In each and every country, McDonalds has thrives to develop a menu that fits the tastes and culture of the people in those countries. This has made McDonalds unique in its delivery of fine and quality fast food products. Its CSR strategies have helped it to identify the needs of the people within these destinations and develop fast food solutions that best fits their needs. McDonalds is thus mindful of its customers diverse needs. In addition, McDonalds strives to promote healthy diets that benefit its customer. Research reveals that fast food products are not good for the health, especially for the heart as well as the liver. However, McDonalds disputes this by developing and making fast food products that are free from cholesterol, fat that causes cardiac diseases. The firm has also won several awards in environment conservation and employment sensitivity. McDonalds has no gender inequality whilst employing its staff from the regions where it has expanded. The company hopes to have trained and retrained all its employees in their respective fields by the end of 2012 (May, Cheney and Roper, p.32). According to an employee at the fast food restaurant in Europe, McDonalds is perhaps the best employer and always listens to the needs and demands of the staff; the employment environment is one to die for. Factors and Discussion This section will identify the various CSR strategies that McDonalds has implemented in the past, present and the future of these strategies. The factors are identifies in the ensuing paragraphs. Values McDonalds core values are all aimed at promoting the Corporate Social Responsibility of the firm. This is achieved through giving value to the customers, the supply chain as well as the other business partners with whom McDonalds does business. McDonalds indeed acknowledges the fact that its customers are the reason behind its success and existence. Therefore, the customers are very much valued within the company. The company thus strives to create a warm and welcoming environment for its customers. Secondly, McDonalds values its employees and states that it is committed towards the career growth and development of its employees through a comprehensive training plan. This is perhaps the greatest CSR that McDonalds has. McDonalds believes in empowering and valuing the employees for increased commitment from them and their continued success. McDonalds also maintains high business ethics and thus conducts its business with high ethical standards (Fisher and Lovell, p.33). The company conducts its business with high integrity, honesty and fairness for all its customers and suppliers. McDonalds also values the community in which it operates and strives to give back to the society through sponsoring various community initiatives such as education. McDonalds believes in making the world a better place (Johnson and Turner, p.112). McDonalds being a public company values doing profitable business with all its stakeholders. The company therefore lays much emphasis on profitable business while enforcing its business ethics across all its subsidiaries. This is achieved through maintaining high ethical standards. McDonalds always strives to excel in whatever field it undertakes to operate in. constant improvement is achieved within the company through continued training and innovation. Thus, McDonalds has grown to become the worlds largest fast food chain of restaurants through its commitment towards achieving its CSR as well as maintaining good business ethics. According to Richardson (p.16), McDonalds has achieved much success through its good will initiatives worldwide, hence many customers identify with the positive side of the company. Sustainable supply chain McDonalds suppliers are required to adhere to the strict Code of Conduct which enhances the supply chain ensuring that the fast food giant gets the best quality products as raw material for preparing the fast food restaurants. The firm values its supply chain in such a manner that there is no way a poor quality product can access the firms production unit. In addition, there are checks and balances to ensure that only the best raw materials are used to prepare fast food products. These checks and balances often involve empowering the suppliers to supply quality products through training programs. In 2007, McDonalds established a strong supply chain department which ensures that the quality standards for its suppliers are continuously met by the suppliers (Hanekamp, p.14). The complexity of the supply chain requires that McDonalds maintains an effective communication amongst its suppliers in order to solve and avert problems at an early stage. McDonalds always purchases its products from suppliers who only comply with the established code of conduct thus ensuring continued quality standards adherence (Gitman and McDaniel, p.34). Furthermore, McDonalds always strives to promote a supply chain that is positively supporting the environment. Thus, the supply chain of the fast food giant usually has no adverse effect on the environment. McDonalds therefore supports an environment-friendly supply chain. The supply chain also aims at promoting a positive economic impact on the suppliers and the immediate beneficiaries. According to Crowther and Rayman-Bacchus (p.42), an effective supply chain is one where suppliers receive timely information that will enable them be able to succeed in supplying the best products for the fast food giant. Andersen (p.24) suggests that McDonalds requires improving efficiency of its supply chain and reducing the bottleneck so that the Small and Medium Enterprises within countries where McDonalds operates may be able to benefit from the existence of McDonalds. Nutrition and wellbeing McDonalds is always committed to the wellbeing of its customers through producing fast food products that have no adverse health effects on the customers. The company follows the strict advice of its nutrition experts. There have been concerns about obesity that McDonalds has taken seriously and strived to avoid producing fast food products that may lead to obesity among its customers. Moreover, McDonalds also promoted doing exercises as part of the health promotion program that it started in 1998 (Ferrel, Ferrell and Fraedrich, p.18). Exercising is an imperative activity that McDonalds acknowledges could reduce the health effects of fast foods. Nutrition experts also advice that eating fast food products is not harmful to ones health for as long as they do enough exercises. McDonalds encourages customer to make quality choices regarding its fast food products that will benefit their health. The firm discourages eating for the sake of it and insists on supporting healthy living (Rendtorff, p.142). McDonalds continues to develop high quality and a well balanced diet that serves the needs of its customers comprehensively. The firm has also developed a wide range of choices to enable its customers to choose from, thus increase customer satisfaction. The firm through its nutritionist has developed consumer-friendly nutrition information that enable the customers to gain useful knowledge regarding the fast food products that the firm sells across all its restaurants. This helps the consumers to make an independent choice regarding which fast food product to purchase. Today, a lot of the consumer choices are driven by the nutrition that McDonalds provides its consumers with. McDonalds has strived to improve the communication that it has with its customers, especially children thus encouraging them to make wise nutrition choices. According to Hartman and DesJardins (p.76), McDonalds established the Global Advisory Council (GAC) which works in collaboration with the international teams to source for expert advice regarding nutrition and wellbeing. Environmental responsibility According to Kotler and Lee (p.19), McDonalds has won the Energy Star Partner of the Year award which is usually awarded by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). McDonalds has been recognized for its massive efforts in reducing greenhouse emissions. The firm is sensitive to the environment and concerned more about the global warming. This has promoted the firm to save on energy and thus avert carbon emissions. McDonalds takes its social responsibility concerning the environment seriously. The firm established its very own Global Environment Commitment (Houk and Williams, p.134). The company has continued to focus on improving its commitment towards the environment. As far as McDonalds CSR regarding the environment is concerned, the fast food giant has in the past and present focused on three main areas namely; energy efficiency, sustainable packaging and waste management as well as green restaurant design. McDonalds has sort to use more energy efficient strategies such as the use of natural gas in the fast food restaurants. McDonalds continues to seek ways of increasing energy efficiency. Furthermore, the fast food giant also seeks to reduce the impact of its operations on the environmental impact. In addition, McDonalds continues to explore ways in which it can package the consumers product in packages that are easy to recycle and reuse. Malachowski (p.27) reveals that the company banned the use of plastics in packaging the fast food products. The firm continues to use paper-based packages though it is in a bid to look for an environmental friendly package. The firm has been criticized for using paper-based packages in the wake of the global warming panic. Paper comes from trees and thus by using the paper-based packages, McDonalds may have been going against the environmental preservation requirements. Trevino and Nelson (p.47) reveal that McDonalds has an environmental department which attends the green house conferences in Geneva annually. These officials are in charge of ensuring that McDonalds continues to comply with the environmental laws of various countries where it is established. Most of the restaurants belonging to McDonalds have adopted the green restaurant design which helps in saving energy. This has given McDonalds the opportunity to participate in the reduction of carbon emission through investing in energy efficient buildings. Most of the restaurants belonging to McDonalds have an open space which allows plenty of light to enter into the building thus saving the use of electricity during the day. McDonalds CSR supports the conservation of the environment through reduction of carbon emission as well as the green restaurant designs. Employment experience McDonalds has a policy within all its subsidiaries and fast food restaurants worldwide of giving its employees a priority over all other things. The firm indeed identifies that employees are core in the companys success. McDonalds has in the past devised training programs aimed at employee development. Moreover, the firm empowers its employees to take up new challenges in the fast food market. Furthermore, McDonalds supports human rights which forms part of it global business conduct. Respect to life and the preservation of human dignity has enabled the company to excel in its core relationship with its employees as well as customers and business partners. This has enabled McDonalds to grow through its appreciation of human life and dignity, an area where many other companies have failed. Employees rights are a priority at McDonalds. McDonalds has developed a strategy that allows the employees relative freedom in working with the firm. There are three aspects of the employee priority virtues that McDonalds has identifies namely respect, commitment growth and talent enhancement (Hoffman, p.114). McDonalds has created a culture where every employee is respected and valued globally. In addition, McDonalds is committed towards realizing quality employees through comprehensive training programs and staff development strategies. McDonalds identifies young talented graduates and employees then as graduate trainees thus ensuring that it acquires the right caliber of future employees. These young graduates are drawn from various hospitality colleges and universities across the globe. According to Mullerat and Brennan (p.22), McDonalds always strives to deliver quality employee training to its employees. Moreover, its employment policy is not biased against one kind of gender. There is an open approach towards those employed at McDonalds. Every employee is thus a priority at McDonalds since the firm realized that its workforce holds the key to its valued success. This CSR involving valuing and respecting employees has enabled McDonalds to improve its service provision to its clientele. Community responsibility For ages, McDonalds has been supporting the Olympic Games through feeding program aimed at feeding the athletics. McDonalds is also involved in various charities and also supports education in the developing countries where it has its franchises and fast food restaurants. As part of its bid to return back to the society, McDonalds has sponsored several children programs involving eradication of illiteracy and poverty. McDonalds also sponsors a number of events worldwide including the Olympic Games and walks. Over the past calamities, McDonalds has been involved in disaster response where it has supported the victims of such disasters. Just recently during the Haiti disaster, McDonalds moved in to donate a handsome amount towards the rebuilding of the destroyed country. According to Morris, Willey and Sachdev (p.54), McDonalds has also supported various community based programs such as sponsoring the education of poor children in India and Asia. Conclusion McDonalds has been able to achieve high success through its identification of the elements that make it succeed most. These elements include its employees, customers and the suppliers. McDonalds values its employees and has various training programs to support their bid towards an excellent service provision. The company draws its success mostly from its employees. McDonalds also hires quality and highly valuable employees thus ensuring continued success for the company. McDonalds also draws its success from its highly valued customers. The company provides the customers with nutrition information thus ensuring that the customer makes informed decision. Moreover, the firm develops well balanced diets that meet the dynamic requirements of each fast food market. Indeed, customers have enabled the firm to develop strongly with most customers referring others to the fast food giant. The customers also benefit from the advice of the international nutritionists as well as the nutrition experts that are dissipated to McDonalds on a regular basis (Daft and Marcic, p.11). McDonalds support for the environment has ensured that its CSR continues to grow. The firm has many ways of giving back to the community. McDonalds supports various sponsorship programs, the most profound being that which supports the education of children (Carter and Clegg, p.48). McDonalds also feeds the athletes at the Olympic Games. Poverty eradication has also been a priority for the company as it seeks to improve the standards of living. McDonalds continues to support CSR and good business conducts and ethic across its operations, now and in the future to come through enhanced quality programs. Suppliers also form part of the core business that McDonalds supports. The suppliers are organized in supply chains to ensure that they continue to abide by the quality standards. Recommendation McDonalds should make us of solar energy, which is a renewable form of energy. This will go a long way towards ensuring that there is less carbon emission. The EPA would thus be pleased with the efforts propagated by McDonalds. McDonalds should also run advertisements in the media to promote its balanced healthy diet. The advertisements should also contain nutrition advice on various ways of eating healthy fast food diets. The firm should also diversify its diets to ensure that it meets the requirements of different ages.

Stem Cells in the Treatment of Diabetes Essay -- Diabetes Mellitus Sci

Stem Cells in the Treatment of Diabetes Diabetes mellitus affects 18 million people in the U.S. alone (8.7% of the population) and more than 190 million worldwide. The prevalence of diabetes has increased alarmingly in the past three decades and, corresponding to global dietary and lifestyle trends, is projected to nearly double in the next ten years (1). Although diabetes can be treated, serious complications from improperly managed diabetes are common and can lead to death. Recent reports suggest that one of the most promising potential treatments may come from the use of stem cells, undifferentiated cells that can be coaxed into becoming insulin-producing islet-like cells that reduce diabetes symptoms in mice (2). There is one ethical catch, however: stem cells can be derived from a number of sources, including adult tissues, but the purest source of stem cells with the greatest therapeutic potential is early-stage embryos. The process of deriving stem cells destroys the embryo. Does the human embryo have moral status that would proscribe its destruction, regardless of the potential good that might be achieved? If so, are there still avenues of stem cell research that are both scientifically viable as well as morally permissible? Diabetes is a disease that results from the body's inability to maintain consistent levels of glucose (the main energy source for cells) in the blood. In a healthy individual, blood glucose levels are kept within a certain range by insulin, a hormone that aids the uptake of glucose by cells. The release of insulin in response to blood glucose levels is coordinated by clusters of cells in the pancreas called islets; residing in these islets are the beta cells, the cells that actually produc... ...cell? Journal of Clinical Investment. 111:799-801. 4. Hori, Y. et al. 2002. Growth inhibitors promote differentiation of insulin-producing tissue from embryonic stem cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. USA. 99:16105- 16110. 5. Ianus, A. et al. 2003. In vivo derivation of glucose-competent pancreatic endocrine cells from bone marrow without evidence of cell fusion. Journal of Clinical Investment. 111:843-850. 6. Yang, L. et al. 2002. In vitro trans-differentiation of adult hepatic stem cells into pancreatic endocrine hormone-producing cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. USA. 99:8078-8083. 7. Meyer, J. June 2000. Human embryonic stem cells and respect for life. Journal of Medical Ethics. 26: 166-170 8. Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. Donum Vitae. I:1-5. Boston: St. Paul Editions, 1987.

Professional Coaching

The integration of adult development and learning is a representation of a new era of conceptualization and study. Consequently, development and learning revolve around the vortex of environmental adaptation which consistently changes, hence giving ample potential to an individual in several quantitative distinctive ways which then enables one to become rather prepared and tough enough for the challenges that may possibly arise in the years of progression and in employment—so to speak with the perception of realism.The dynamic interaction between macro-level social change and micro-level individual change bears recognition why the need of constant development with regard to the individual in an organization is formidably a pre-requisite as a constituent and as a working member as well.Irrespective of future changes in the â€Å"battlefield† of humans, the more inclined with growth possibilities as well as with the reciprocal nature of development and learning in adultho od, the better that certain individual is able to intervene in the support of enhanced positive adaptations for the intrinsic and extrinsic demands of the societal changes that which as a matter of fact renders an immense influence in the person’s holistic character and role in the community (Hoare, 2006).Synthesis The idea of getting one’s self equipped with the flying colors of adult development does not only tackle on the perception of â€Å"literacy† but within the orbiting factor of â€Å"competence. † Undeniably, for individuals who are vested with the â€Å"responsibility† of the whole organization is but an asset to the individual’s own consumption and sense of character.Given the fact that adult development is emerging as a particularly powerful factor in explaining professional competence, the expertise and the practice will indulge into an inter-related verity of advantage for the organization to be able to meet the established go als and standards laid on the table of â€Å"hopes† for the success and the attainment of proficient organizational forecasting methods set beforehand.Nevertheless, the power of developmental learning lies in the pervasiveness of â€Å"higher† change thus establishing a professional mental framework for the organization in a cross-situational, cross-domain impact. For such reason, it points out the idea that it is crossing beyond the domains of emotions, morality, humor, intimacy, spirituality and of course—work. In the light, if development has such power, then developmental learning becomes a goal for professional education and training—a positive feature for any kind of organization.Application Given with the aforementioned perceptions on adult development, it shall serve of great help in executive coaching in the broadest sense of â€Å"the individual factor† itself. Come to think of an organization with a manager armed with the essentialities of ‘development’—leading its constituents in the most intellectual yet efficient way—it will harmoniously provide an effective state of ‘leading’ for the reason that the manager, being the ‘head’ of the organization is being able to run its members â€Å"professionally† and â€Å"rationally.† With all these in mind, the attainment of the established goals and standards of the organization will be easier to achieve and impose. There will be a harmonious collaboration of ideas from both the leader and its members. Conflicts will most likely be minimized, and the connection between parties will be enhanced into a whole new dimension of cooperation—all aims focused on the success of the organization.Moreover, there will be higher education curricula, workplace training, government programs, foundation initiatives and even the choice of the individuals will surface on clear waters. References: Hoare, C. H. (2006). Handbook of Adult Development and Learning. New York: New York Oxford University Press (US). Manville, B. , & Ober, J. (2003). A Company of Citizens. New York: Harvard Business School Press. Stober, D. R. , & Grant, A. M. (2006). Evidence Based Coaching Handbook: Putting Best Practices to Work for Your Clients. New York: Wiley.

Diversity And The Human Services Worker Social Work Essay Essays

Diversity And The Human Services Worker Social Work Essay Essays Diversity And The Human Services Worker Social Work Essay Essay Diversity And The Human Services Worker Social Work Essay Essay Peoples are both similar and different ; diverseness is the recognising and valuing difference. Diversity relates to distinction such as gender, age, faith, race, civilization, instruction, business, linguistic communication, attractiveness, wellness, physical visual aspect. Cultural diverseness is one facet of diverseness with a battalion of differences which come from our cultural heritage. Every facet of life is touched by civilization, civilization affects how people perceive things, and it influences how people attribute intending to communicating. When cultural communicating systems are unknown or ignored, messages are likely to be misinterpreted ensuing in barriers to communicating. To guarantee effectual communicating Human Services workers require consciousness of and sensitiveness to cultural differences to enable them to successfully function a diverse scope of people. This essay examines effectual transverse cultural communicating for the Human Services worker, as civiliz ation refers to the linguistic communication, cognition, rites, values that connect any group of people, in the range of this essay the context of civilizations is that from different states. First, it looks at some of the differences and jobs when pass oning cross culturally. Then the essay proposes solutions to cut down communicating barriers and, eventually suggesting rules human service bureaus should follow to heighten communicating. Working cross culturally the human service worker faces many challenges to effectual communicating because of the complex nature of civilization, intercultural behaviors, nucleus values and look provide much possibility for misconstruing. Harmonizing to Fouad Arredondo communicating forms, manners, symbols and gestures are extremely civilization edge and unconsciously scripted. ( Fouad Arredondo 2007 p42 ) . Several variables can be considered to help in the apprehension of cultural differences to place why jobs arise, individuality versus Bolshevism is one variable. Individualist civilizations are where accent is on single accomplishment as contrasted to collective civilizations where importance is on what is best for the group. Reding itself is a culturally specific activity holding evolved from a Western doctrine of individuality, inquiring a client from a corporate civilization to concentrate on hyperintrospection and hyperindividualism will non vibrate consequence in a lost ch ance. Whilst non talking the same linguistic communication is a more obvious barrier to communicating, see the communicating barrier created when a client for whom English is a 2nd linguistic communication is expected to verbalize extremely complex emotions. ( Wheeler 2006 p150 ) Cultures can besides be distinguished as holding low context or high context communicating, in low context civilizations such Australia or America communicating is direct, the significance is in the message. Asiatic, Mediterranean and Arab civilizations are high context where communicating is indirect and it is every bit of import to look at the inexplicit significances and organic structure linguistic communication. Misinterpretations arise when there is a deficiency of consciousness in the different manner of pass oning. For illustration, Autochthonal Australians would see it rude to straight inquire a inquiry and alternatively intimation ( Mundine 1999, p. 1 ) . This is similar to Asiatic construct of salvaging face indirect communicating is used to forestall uncomfortableness for either party. In some Asiatic civilizations this is extended to some non unwraping physical maltreatment for fright of losing face or abashing the household ( Devito 2009, p. 281 ) , nevertheless keep backing such information creates a barrier to communicating for the human services worker. Non verbal communicating is another factor which in which intending differs between civilizations, and if these differences are non understood leads to communication dislocation. In some civilizations nodding the caput means no, or the nod of a caput from a Chinese individual does non implicitly mean that they agree. In Western civilization direct oculus regard is considered a mark of honestness, in civilizations such as Japan nevertheless, direct oculus regard is a mark of discourtesy. De Vito ( 2009, p. 133 ) concludes seek visualizing the potency for misinterpretations that oculus communicating entirely could make. A Human Services worker missing consciousness of cultural-based norms, such as household construction and gender regulations, hazards go againsting these regulations, their behavior impeding trust and assurance. For illustration, married Muslim adult females can non touch a adult male other than their hubby. Lack of consciousness or sensitiveness to these norms creates struggle and a lost chance for battle. Another barrier to communicating consequences where the Human Service worker see their ain civilization to be superior to others civilizations. Gamble and Gamble conclude that ethnocentrism is cardinal to neglect intercultural communicating attempts. ( Gamble Gamble 2009, p.27 ) . Finally, cultural stereotyping is a barrier to effectual transverse cultural communicating, whilst it is necessary to group people to simplify understanding differences, it is debatable perceive that all are the same . For illustration, to believe that all immigrants from the Middle East are unable to absorb into Australian society is cultural pigeonholing. Pigeonholing demonstrates a cardinal deficiency of apprehension of diverseness taking to a dislocation in communicating. This paper has looked at some transverse cultural communicating differences and jobs that arise that can be covered in the range of this essay, the paper now proposes solutions to heighten communicating and cut down communicating barriers. To heighten communicating and cut down barriers in transverse cultural communicating the Human Services worker develops cognition and accomplishments. Built-in to this is self consciousness, being cognizant of and dispute one s perceptual experiences and prejudice. Workers must to increase intercultural communicating competency by developing cognition of different cultural differences, Gamble Gamble confirm it is critical to do the unknown known we need to carry on ourselves in a mode designed to cut down the unfamiliarity of aliens ; that is, we need to open ourselves to differences by adding to our depot of cognition, by larning to get by with uncertainness and by developing an grasp of how increasing our cultural sensitiveness positively affects our communicating competency ( Gamble Gamble 2009, p. 30 ) . It would nevertheless be uninformed to believe that a individual can of all time wholly understand another civilization doing it necessary for Human services workers to be comf y covering with ambiguity. Equally of import as it is to be familiar the difference in civilization conversely it is of import non to let cultural traits to impede understanding nor to concentrate overly on differences. Clients are persons ; human services workers serve a individual, non a civilization ( Egan 2006 ) . Empathy hearing accomplishments are built-in to effectual communicating and every bit so when pass oning interculturally. The Human services worker should set themselves in their client s places to conceive of what is like from his or her universe position point. Listening accomplishments and careful observation of cues such as non verbal signals should be taken into history interpret full significance, peculiarly when pass oning with a individual from a high context civilization. To heighten communicating the human services worker should besides regularly seek verification of understanding. A deeper degree of trust and assurance may necessitate to be built with people from some civilizations before they unwrap emotional or what they consider to be black. To heighten communicating with these people it may take forbearance, clip and besides an appropriate degree of self revelation on the workers portion. To cut down communicating barriers the worker may inquire permission before inqui ring sensitive a sensitive inquiry. Workers should besides be cognizant and sensitive to taboo topics, in some Autochthonal Aboriginal communities it is black to speak about mental unwellness, to cut down communicating barriers workers would avoid utilizing certain words or lables ( XXXXX ) . Working with people who speak English as a 2nd linguistic communication poses another set of challenges in communicating, to cut down barriers workers should talk easy, be patient and allow intermissions, instead an translator could be offered. ( Kenny 2009 ) . To cut down communicating barriers for their diverse scope of stakeholders it is critical for Human services bureaus should further their ain civilization where diverseness is embraced and celebrated. A doctrine of regard of individualism and singularity which committedness to self development and ongoing acquisition is promoted. This doctrine should be brought to life by promote a diverse scope of workers with difference backgrounds and experience. A culturally specific attack to developing programmes, developing intercultural communicating competences when working and human services workers be on a regular basis reviewed against competences placing countries for development. Culture influences everything about people, including the significance attributed to communicating, this poses challenges for the human services worker when working cross culturally. This essay has considered some of the communicating differences and issues that Human Services workers face working interculturally, it has besides looked at ways to heighten communicating and besides rules bureaus should follow to cut down communicating barriers. The kernel nevertheless is that finally no two people even those from the same civilization are the same, countless differences makes each individual alone. Human Services workers require transverse cultural competence to efficaciously pass on with the diverse scope of people that they meet the most cardinal of these abilities being willingness to larn and esteem of all persons. Biblography DeVito, J 2009, The interpersonal communicating book, 12th edn, Pearson Education, Boston, USA. Egan, G 2006, Skilled assisting around the universe: addressing diverseness and multiculturalism, Thomson Higher Education, Belmont. Fouad, NA Arrendondo, P 2007, Becoming culturally oriented: practical advice for psychologists pedagogues, American Psychological Association, Washington. Gamble, TK Gamble, M 2009, Communication works, 10th edn, McGraw Hill, New York. Kenny, S 2006. Developing communities for the hereafter, 3rd edn, Cengage Learning, South Melbourne. Mundine, J 1999 Face to face: communicating protocols , viewed 12 August 2010, hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nipaac.edu.au/Face2Face_CommnProtocols.pdf. Wheeler, S ( erectile dysfunction ) 2006. Difference diverseness in guidance: modern-day psychodynamic positions, Palgrave Macmillan, New York. Aboriginal Mental Health First Aid Training and research plan. Cultural considerations communicating techniques: Guidelines for supplying mental wellness foremost Aid to an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander individual. Melbourne: Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, University of Melbourne and beyondblue, the national depression enterprise 2008 Viewed 20 August 2010 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.mhfa.com.au/documents/guidelines/8307_AMHFA_Cultural_guidelinesemail.pdf ;

What to Look for in a Real Christmas Tree

What to Look for in a Real Christmas Tree Dont select a Christmas tree until you make an inspection of the space the Christmas tree will be placed in your home. That will be a personal choice with some reminders. Your selected space should be as far away from heat sources and air ducts as possible. Take a  quick measurement of Christmas tree height and width for the spot you have selected. It is a real pain to deal with a holiday tree too big for the selected space. Now lets go shop for your next Christmas tree. Fresh Christmas Tree Shopping Tips Research different Christmas tree types and pick the species that fits your situation. Look over this guide to the 10 most favorite Christmas trees but remember that only a few of these will be available in your area.Take my introductory advice on where in the house to put the Christmas tree. Avoid spots close to heat sources like TVs, fireplaces, radiators and air ducts. Measure the height you have available to avoid modifying your too tall Christmas tree later. Find a holiday tree one foot shorter than your ceiling height.If you are cutting a Christmas tree, you know how fresh the tree is. But when you buy a pre-cut Christmas tree, the tree may have been cut weeks earlier. Always try and find your Christmas tree early and before the best trees have been sold. Delaying your cut Christmas tree purchase only increases its exposure to harmful elements. Dont be shy; ask the retailer how long his/her Christmas trees have been cut. You might also want to look into purchasing your tree onl ine,  where shipped trees are guaranteed cut fresh. Choose a fresh Christmas tree by looking for the greenest tree with the fewest brown needles. A problem here can be that many shipped-to-lot trees have been colored prior to shipping. With this in mind, remember that coloring is a common practice and will not negatively affect a trees freshness.Perform the drop test. Raise the Christmas tree a few inches and drop on its butt end. Green needles should not drop off. If they do, you have a tree with excessive drying and that may have been cut for some time. Some species have excellent needle retention so remember that when choosing a variety. A few inner brown needles from the trees annual shed will drop off so do not be concerned with this.The most important thing to remember is freshness when selecting a real Christmas tree. The needles should be resilient. Another important check is to take hold of a branch and lightly pull your hand toward you allowing the branch to slip through your fingers. Most, if not all, of the needles need to stay on the tree. Look for and avoid Christmas trees with a wilted or grayish blue-green look. Even with color added you can visually see wilt and desiccation. Look and feel for any unusual stiffness and brittleness of a trees limbs, twigs, and needles, all of which can be indications of an old tree.Always inspect the Christmas trees base. Make sure the handle (the first eight inches of butt) of the tree is relatively straight. This part of the tree is extremely important when securing the tree in a stand. Make sure removing any limbs attached to the handle wont hurt the tree shape.Always check a Christmas tree for insects and egg masses before bringing inside. Most retailers have shakers that remove debris from trees. In any event, make sure dead needles and trash are shaken out or blown from the tree.

The Christian Tradition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Christian Tradition - Essay Example Christian views are still considered to be the most widespread in the world. These are views about the one God in the Universe which are represented in three forms: God the father, God the son and God the holy spirit. The God created the Earth and people, he was working for six days and had rest on the seventh. Adam and Eve were the first people and they lost the heaven. Christians tend to believe that their religion explains the origin of the world in a best way. Thus, many people have been sharing the Christian views. However, globalization made Christians face new problems. . Christian churches in Europe currently exist in new situation of religious pluralism. At the same time religious pluralism became one of the main causes of crisis in the traditional churches of Europe. The process of globalization does not allow any society to exist in complete cultural isolation. Every person has an access to any religious knowledge and the infinite majority of religious systems. Besides, pluralism turns out from the objective reality to ideology that rejects the possibility of making any exact declarations about the truth and universal values. Thus, modern pluralistic situation is a serious challenge for Christianity. Christians need to define how to communicate in the pluralistic society and the representatives of other religions in the new conditions. The main issues to consider are how Christians should reply to the challenge, how they may argue about the truth in the multireligious society in order to be heard. Christians may consider pluralism to be an ideology, which is full of inner contradictions and mistakes, which does not correspond to the reality of this world anyhow. In other words, pluralism contains fatal inner and outer inconsistency, which makes pluralism untruthful. At the same time people who are predisposed to ideology for some cultural reasons may consider it to be truthful. Many clergymen state that pluralism is just a tribute to fashion,

The Gay Pride Parade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Gay Pride Parade - Essay Example Thus, to commemorate the Stonewall riots, the LGBT community in New York organized for an annual event that would be held on every last Saturday of June, both in New York and also in different parts of the USA, as a reminder that the gay people also have their rights. The result of this initial LGBT initiative of 1969 has been the establishment and proliferation of the Gay Pride Parade worldwide, a movement that has become so big, that it has caught the attention of the world as the most attended and active rights advocacy events of the modern day (Eisenbach, 2006). Thus, while the Gay Pride Parades have managed to achieve the objectives of the LGBT community in a successful and highly unanticipated manner, the questions that this success raises is; what has been the function of the Gay Pride Parades in changing the public opinion? The fact that the Gay Pride Parades globally have turned out to be the most pompous and colorful events of the 21st century can no longer be doubted, while the fact that these events have attracted millions of people; both gay and non-gay members of the society is also unarguable (Alessandra, 2000). Thus, considering the fact that the gay community was treated with resentment, hostility and even contempt in the 1950s and the 1960s, there is no doubt that the public opinion on the LGBT community globally is changing. Additionally, the fact that the societal perception of the LGBT community has changed is easily demonstrated by the fact that the Gay Pride Parades have been held even in the most conservative parts of the world, where such events are unlikely to have any support, or at least to be even allowed. Uganda is a country in Africa that is known to be vocal in voicing its resistance against the gay rights, through establishing legislations that have offered strict punishment, s uch as death penalties, for the LGBT

The Cask of Amontillado Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

The Cask of Amontillado - Essay Example The narrator aptly uses this weakness of Fortunato to lure him into his evil plot for revenge and retribution. Poe effectively illustrates the theme of confinement leading to death through the repeated use of wine, specifically Amontillado, symbolizing entrapment and doom. The mention of wine in the very beginning of the story is symbolic of the narrator’s evil motives of enticing and trapping Fortunato. The narrator is keenly aware of the fact that Fortunato isn’t serious about anything except Italian vintages because â€Å"he pride[s] himself on his connoisseurship in wine† (Poe). He subtly lures Fortunato into his trap by arousing his curiosity and evoking his pride. For example, the narrator tells him that he has bought the full Amontillado without asking him first but will now consult Luchesi, Fortunato’s supposed competitor, about it. The half drunken Fortunato is immediately intrigued, setting the plot in motion and preparing the road to his own entrapment. After tantalizingly repeating the words Amontillado several times, Fortunato himself mentions going into the narrator’s vaults to taste the prized wine. His intoxicated mind further enraged by pride, is unwilling to recognize the deception and danger he is e nsnaring himself in. The stage is now set for their journey underground, into the bowels of the Montresors’s tomb where death eventually awaits Fortunato. Once they start traveling to the vaults, Poe again employs the use of wine to further illustrate the idea of confinement. As the two travel deeper into the tomb, the nitre â€Å"hang[ing] like moss upon the vaults† and the dampness rampage Fortunato with frequent coughs. Already confined in the dark passageway of the catacomb and dependent on the narrator to guide him, he resorts to drinking Medoc to alleviate the coughing. This not only helps to clear his throat but also increases his resolve to reach the Amontillado. Fortunato does not realize that such determination is actually leading him to trap himself further. For, each step he now takes is bringing him closer to his ultimate confinement and death. Also, as they travel, Poe repeatedly refers to Fortunato’s drunken eyes symbolizing not only his physical entrapment within the vault but also the intoxicating dullness and confinement of his mind. For example, Fortunato looks at the narrator â€Å"with two filmy orbs that distill the rheum of intoxication†. Again after going down a little more into the crypt, he asks for some more wine, this time gulping down the entire flagon of De Grave making â€Å"his eyes flash with a fierce light†. His mind has become senseless and trapped, only thinking of the cherished Amontillado lying somewhere in the recesses of the tomb drawing and luring him closer to his demise. Finally, as they arrive at the end of the crypt lined with human bones and succumbed in darkness, Fortuno’s desire for Amontillado results in his final entrapment and doom. Anyone in their right mind would take one look at the sight of death and decay and run from there, seeking the freshness of the air and life above. Poe meticulously describes the recess prepared by the narrator having a â€Å"depth about four feet, in width three, in height six or seven†. This image is nothing less than a grave. Even the flaming torch’s attempt to shine a light in to th e darkness is feeble, but Fortunato persists forward, drawn by the thought of the Amontillado. As he sets his foot into the prepared tomb, Fortunato seals his fate and traps

Fruit Fly Essay Example for Free

Fruit Fly Essay This experiment focuses on the effects water bath temperatures have on D. melanogaster entering and recovering an anoxic coma. It was found that there was an indirect relationship between the amount of time it took D. melanogaster to enter and recover from an anoxic coma and the temperature of the water bath. D. melanogaster was able to enter and recover from the anoxia coma quicker when they were drowned in a cold water bath condition when comparing these results to the warm water bath condition results. These results support other research findings that investigated the effects of the water bath temperatures. Also other mechanisms that aid D. melanogaster in being able to successfully survive an anoxia coma were researched and discussed while connecting them to current research on human patients with pulmonary diseases. Many animals have developed mechanisms that allow them to sustain anoxia comas for extended periods of time with little to no physiological consequences. This experiment is designed to test the amount of time it takes Drosophila melanogaster to enter and recover from an anoxia coma at different water bath temperatures. The purpose is to deduce the effects temperature has on the organism’s ability to enter and survive the anoxia coma, and generalize what body changes allow D. melanogaster to accomplish this feat. The results are then extrapolated to include how current research is using this information to reduce the amount of anoxia related stress humans with pulmonary diseases experience. Methods Each condition was tested with a separate single group of D. melanogaster (cold bath 8 flies and warm bath – 11 flies), and all of the flies used were approximately 1-9 day old males. Each group of D. melanogaster was held in a container that provided adequate nutrients prior to the experiment, and then transferred to a drowning container that held no nutrients. One group of D. melanogaster was put into a cold water bath (~3? C) whereas the other group of flies was put into a room temperature bath (~24. 5? C). The amount of time it took for the D. elanogaster to stop moving for each condition was recorded as well as the amount of time it took for the last D. melanogaster to stop moving. Once all movement ceased, the D. melanogasters were left submerged for one hour. Afterwards they were removed from the drowning chambers, and carefully transferred from the drowning chamber to a plastic vial with a cotton stopper using a paint brush. Each vial was tapped for one minute, with the cotton stopper at the bottom, prior to recording the flies’ recovery time in order to help dry off the flies. After the initial minute, the time it took for the first and last D. melanogaster to recover (when they started to walk around, not merely flapping their wings) was recorded, and the amount of viable flies at the end of the experiment was also determined. Results The results show that it took considerable more time for the D. melanogaster to recover from the anoxia coma than it took for them to enter the anoxia coma. The average failure time for both conditions was 124. 75 seconds whereas the average recovery time for both conditions was 690. 75 seconds. Also, the temperature of the water bath seems to have a considerable effect on the amount of time it takes for the flies to enter and recover from the anoxia coma. It took the D. melanogasters that were drowned in the cold water bath an average of 22 seconds to enter the anoxia coma, but an average of 244. 5 seconds to recover from the anoxia coma. This same pattern is seen in the D. melanogaster that were drowned in the warm water bath with an average of 227. 5 seconds to enter the anoxia coma, and an average of 1,137 seconds to recover from the anoxia coma. The Q10 value determines how a change of 10? C can increase the rate of chemical processes in an organism, and was calculated for both the failure and recovery conditions of this experiment. The Q10 value provides information about how an organism’s metabolism is affected by the temperature of its environment. It was found that the flies had a failure Q10 value of 2. 964 whereas the recovery Q10 value was 2. 044. Figure 1: This shows the average amount of time it took for D. melanogaster to stop moving and enter into a coma as a result of being drowned in the water bath. Figure 2: This shows the average amount of time it took for D. melanogaster to start walking/crawling around again after being removed from the water bath. Discussion An exothermic organism’s metabolism exhibits a direct relationship with the temperature of its environment. This means that as the temperature of the organism’s environment decreases the rate of its metabolic pathways also decreases. As an exothermic organism, D. melanogaster shows that it is easier to shut down and enter an anoxic coma when in a colder environment as compared to being in a warmer environment. This shows that when in a cold water bath more mechanisms are working together to aid the organism in entering the anoxic coma. D. melanogaster also showed that is takes significantly more time to recover from an anoxic coma than it takes to enter one regardless of the water bath temperatures. This delay could be a result of the organism recreating its supply of the metabolites it requires to restore the sodium/potassium channels and enzymes needed for the metabolic pathways which are extremely important in providing movement in D. elanogaster. When leaving an anoxic coma D. melanogaster also has to prevent reactive oxygen stress while reoxygenating after anoxia. Milton (2007) showed that T. scripta have 5 potential sites for this type of prevention: up-regulation of protective pathways, increasing antioxidants and decreasing production after reperfusion, and repair, protection, and neurogenesis after the oxidation of proteins, lipids, DNA, and RNA. CO2 and N2 concentrations are known to also affect the recovery time. According to Nilson (2006), since â€Å"chill comas, CO2, [and N2] act directly on the transmission of neuronal signals† it comes as no surprise that recovery times increase with an increase of CO2 and N2 exposure. Also Vigne (2009) showed that â€Å"strong dietary restrictions that are close to starvation conditions† can reduce the amount of stress experienced from anoxia recovery. Many organisms are able enter anoxic comas in order to conserve their energy and survive extreme conditions for long periods. Haddad (2006) has shown that D. melanogaster can sustain an anoxia coma for up to 5 hours, and T. cripta have been known to survive 2 days of anoxia with less than 3% cell death upon reoxygenation (Milton, 2007). The human brain fails miserably in comparison which will die within 10 minutes of a decreased oxygen supply, since humans do not have mechanisms that allow them to freely enter anoxic comas or effectively deal with the stresses it causes on the body. The study of the mechanisms that allow other organisms to be anoxia tolerant can be used to understand the effects of some human conditions, and develop methods that counter their effect. D. elanogaster has been used in numerous research studies because they â€Å"provide a better model to study non—cell-autonomous effects† (Azad, 2009). In humans, anoxia is specifically associated with pulmonary diseases such as congenital heart diseases with right to left shunts. Present research is focusing on the effects trehalose, a glucose dimer, has with preventing, or reducing, anoxia related stresses that patients with pulmonary diseases experience. According Azad (2009), transfecting mammalian cells with Drosophila tps 1 gene prot ects them from anoxia related injury.

The Importance of Laertes and Fortinbras in Hamlet Essay example -- Ha

The Importance of Laertes and Fortinbras in Hamlet The Shakespearean play, Hamlet, is a story of revenge and the way the characters in the play respond to grief and the demands of loyalty. The importance of Fortinbras and Laertes in the play is an issue much discussed, analysed and critiqued. Fortinbras and Laertes are parallel characters to Hamlet, and they provide pivotal points on which to compare the actions and emotions of Hamlet throughout the play. They are also important in Hamlet as they are imperative to the plot of the play and the final resolution. Hamlet, Laertes and Fortinbras are three young men who are placed in similar circumstances, that is, to avenge their father's deaths. The way the each comes to terms with their grief and how they rise to the call of vengeance is one of main contrasts between the three. Laertes is a mirror to Hamlet. Shakespeare has made them similar in many aspects to provide a greater base for comparison when avenging their respective father's deaths. Hamlet and Laertes love Ophelia. Hamlet wishes Ophelia to be his wife, Laertes loves Ophelia as a sister. Hamlet is a scholar at Wittenberg, and Laertes at France. Both are admired for their swordsmenship. Both men loved and respected their fathers, and display deviousness when plotting to avenge their father's deaths. Hamlet's response to grief is a trait starkly contrasted by Laertes. Laertes response to the death of his father is immediate. He is publicly angry, and he leads the public riot occuring outside Castle Elsinore, which Polonius' death and quick burial served as a catalyst. He is suspicious, as is evident in his speech to Claudius. "How came he dead? I'll not be juggled with. / To hell, allegiance!"(Act 4, 5:130). Hamlet, however is very private with his grief. His mourning for King Hamlet is long and drawn out, two months after his father's death, he is still observed to be wearing "...suits of solemn black."[(Act1, 2:78) Claudius and Gertrude comment on his unhappiness, however it is not until Hamlet's first soliloquy that the audience is made aware of the depth of his suffering. Although dismayed at his mother's quick remarriage to his uncle, Hamlet suspects nothing of his father's murder until the ghost discloses this to him. When brought to the call of avenging their father's deaths, Laertes is fast to act, he is wants revenge and he wants ... ...s assumption to the lands he sought to attain, and the throne he ironically set out to avenge. As is hinted throughout the play, the state of Denmark has become corrupt. Marcellus' famous quote "There is something rotten in the state of Denmark"(Act 1, 5:90) is complemented by various other observations. "...tis an unweeded garden,"(Act 1, 2:134) and "our state to be disjoint and out of frame,"(Act 1, 2:20). In Elizabethan times it was generally thought that a monarch had to have rightful claim to the throne, lest the state descend into chaos. Fortinbras is essential to this overlying story line, as he is fundamental to the resolution of the corruption. The overlying story line is to make what was bad become good, and thus a complete resolution is needed. Fortinbras is instrumental in this resolution: as the only nobleman left to claim the throne rightfully, Hamlet bequeaths not only the land that Old Fortinbras lost, but also the state of Denmark. Hence Fortinbras attains what he had vowed to avenge, and the play comes full circle. All that made the state of Denmark rotten, a ll those involved with the corruption, are now dead hence the overlying story plot is fully resolved.